Showing posts with label principles of collectivism. Show all posts
Showing posts with label principles of collectivism. Show all posts

Monday, September 09, 2019

September 9


We finished off the lecture on the Causes of World War I today in class. Please keep checking the IB 30/35 wiki for changes that are happening almost every day. Tomorrow, we'll look at the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, and start looking at how the war was fought.


I reviewed the 20th century political spectrum with you today, which led into the economic-political grid. I also taught you the principles of individualism (PRICES) and the principles of collectivism (PRINCE). You have the Chapter 1-2 Test this Friday (please see the study guide below) and one week from today you have the Unit 1 Final Exam (please see the study guide below). Next Tuesday, you are writing the Unit 1 WRA I (three source interpretation). I will re-teach how to write WRA I in tomorrow's class. Make sure that you have read Chapter 1 and 2 in the textbook and that you have worked on the Unit 1 Google Doc!!

The Chapter 1-2 Test is on Friday, September  13th. It is a mixed format test, it will have a matching section and a short/long answer section. Here is what you should review/study for this test:
    Chapter 1 and 2 Key Terms/Concepts:

    • ideology
    • Thomas Hobbes
    • John Locke
    • Jean-Jacques Rousseau
    • representative democracy
    • individualism
    • collectivism
    • private property
    • public property
    • ideology
    • radical
    • liberal
    • moderate
    • conservative
    • reactionary
    • communism
    • socialism
    • liberalism
    • conservatism
    • fascism
    • adherence to collective norms
    • economic freedom
    • economic equality
    • rule of law
    • competition
    • individual rights and freedoms
    • cooperation
    • self-interest
    • Adam Smith
    Other Study Tips:
    • you must know the 19th century political spectrum and the 20th century political spectrum
    • know similarities and differences between communism and fascism
    • what are the differences between communism and socialism
    • be able to label political and economic spectrums and the values associated with these ideologies
    • be able to label the political-economic grid and know examples of the ideologies in the quadrants (study the Ideology Notes and the notes I gave you in class)
    • know the differences between individualism and collectivism, be able to apply your understanding of these concepts
    • know the key ideas associated with Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau (for example, view of the nature of human beings, etc.)



    The Unit 1 Final is a 55 question multiple choice test. It will be written on Monday, September 16th. Make sure that you study the following:
    • Chapter 1 and 2 Key Terms (please see the Chapter 1-2 Test Study Guide for a list of terms) 
    • Study the Ideology Notes (Black Gold School District PDF file, on the Social 30-1 wiki, and in your study booklets)
    • Study the 19th Century Political Spectrum
    • Study the 20th Century Political spectrum
    • Study the political-economic grid
    • Know the values and ideas associated with the various ideologies (on the 19th century and 20th century spectrums)
    • Study the principles of individualism (PRICES) and principles of collectivism (PRINCE)
    • you need to be able to apply your knowledge and understanding of these concepts/ideas
    • there are a lot of source-based questions on this exam! (there are references to Nazi Germany, the USSR)
    • know the key ideas associated with Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau (for example, view of the nature of human beings, etc.)




    I went through a lecture today called "The Enlightenment" today. You're writing a matching quiz on the Enlightenment thinkers introduced in class today (Locke, Montesquieu, Rousseau, Voltaire, Quesnay, and Smith), you can find the study for this quiz below. You're writing the World Geography Test on Friday, September 13th (please see the study guide below). The Chapter 1 Key Terms and Questions are due tomorrow.



    This is a matching quiz, and it is on Tuesday, September 10th. Please make sure that you focus your review on the following Enlightenment thinkers:
    • John Locke
    • Montesquieu
    • Rousseau
    • Adam Smith
    • Francois Quesnay
    • Jean-Jacques Rousseau
    • Voltaire
    Please make sure that you know their views on the nature of human beings, quotes attributed to them, their main ideas/key beliefs, and their major works (what books, articles they wrote).

    This test will take place on Friday, September 13th. It is simply a country identification test. You will be given a world map with certain countries identified and you need to be able to write out what country it is. Here are the countries that may appear on the test:


    • any of the EU countries (there are 28 countries in the EU, a map of the EU is in your textbook on page 265, of course, it's a bit out of date)
    • any of the NATO countries (there's some overlap here with the EU, but not all EU countries are members of NATO)
    • any of the G8 countries: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United States, and the United Kingdom
    • full members of MERCOSUR: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and other associate members or countries that are achieving membership in MERCOSUR, such as: Venezuela, Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador
    • to ask you to know ALL of the countries in the African Union would be cruel, so we'll focus on countries that came up last year or will likely be in the news this year: Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Zimbabwe
    • other very important countries that will be in the news this year, or that we'll be talking about, or get mentioned in your textbook: Cuba, Mexico, Jamaica, Serbia, Georgia, China, India, Myanmar, Australia, New Zealand, Indonesia, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Israel
    • **BIG HINT: if a country is a member of a few of these international organizations then there's a STRONG possibility that they will be on the test!!**


    Wednesday, July 03, 2019

    July 3


    We did a brief review of the principles of individualism (principles of liberalism: PRICES), as well as the principles of collectivism (PRINCE). I also reviewed the 19th century political spectrum (desire for change spectrum), the 20th century political spectrum, the economic-political grid. I gave you some class time to go over the individualism and collectivism charts in your Social 30-1 coursebooks, if you didn't finish these off in class, you should finish them up today after school. After the fire drill, I taught you how to write the three source interpretation (WRA I). You're allowed to bring this yellow booklet into the computer lab on Friday when you write the Unit 1 WRA I. I also gave you the Unit 1 WRA I Chart Assignment, which is due tomorrow. We watched "Sicko" after the break. You also wrote your first exit slip today. 



    Here's your homework:

    • If you didn't do this yesterday, you must read, highlight and annotate the Ideology Notes from your Social 30-1 coursebooks (pages 17-22) 
    • You should also read Chapter 1 and 2 in your textbook (Perspectives on Ideologies)
    • Finish the Unit 1 Google Doc
    • Complete the Unit 1 WRA I Chart Assignment
    • Study for the Chapter 1-2 Test and the Unit 1 Final Exam
    Upcoming Important Dates:
    • Unit 1 WRA I Chart Assignment is due on Thursday, July 4th 
    • Chapter 1-2 Test is on Thursday, July 4th
    • Unit 1 Final Exam is on Friday, July 5th
    • Unit 1 WRA I is on Friday, July 5th

    The Chapter 1-2 Test is on Thursday, July 4th. It is a mixed format test, it will have a matching section and a short/long answer section. Here is what you should review/study for this test:

    Chapter 1 and 2 Key Terms/Concepts:

    • ideology
    • Thomas Hobbes
    • John Locke
    • Jean-Jacques Rousseau
    • representative democracy
    • individualism
    • collectivism
    • private property
    • public property
    • ideology
    • radical
    • liberal
    • moderate
    • conservative
    • reactionary
    • communism
    • socialism
    • liberalism
    • conservatism
    • fascism
    • adherence to collective norms
    • economic freedom
    • economic equality
    • rule of law
    • competition
    • individual rights and freedoms
    • cooperation
    • self-interest
    • Adam Smith


    Other Study Tips:

    • you must know the 19th century political spectrum and the 20th century political spectrum
    • know similarities and differences between communism and fascism
    • what are the differences between communism and socialism
    • be able to label political and economic spectrums and the values associated with these ideologies
    • be able to label the political-economic grid and know examples of the ideologies in the quadrants (study the Ideology Notes and the notes I gave you in class)
    • know the differences between individualism and collectivism, be able to apply your understanding of these concepts
    • know the key ideas associated with Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau (for example, view of the nature of human beings, etc.)


    The Unit 1 Final is a 50 question multiple choice test. It will be written on Friday, July 5th. Make sure that you study the following:

    • Chapter 1 and 2 Key Terms (please see the Chapter 1-2 Test Study Guide for a list of terms) 
    • Study the Ideology Notes (Black Gold School District PDF file, on the Social 30-1 wiki, and in your Social 30-1 course books, pages 17-22)
    • Review Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau (view of the nature of human beings, how society should be organized, people's role in society; notes on page 3 of your study booklet)
    • Study the 19th Century Political Spectrum
    • Study the 20th Century Political spectrum
    • Study the political-economic grid
    • Know the values and ideas associated with the various ideologies (on the 19th century and 20th century spectrums)
    • Study the Individualism and Collectivism charts that is in your study booklets
    • you need to be able to apply your knowledge and understanding of these concepts/ideas
    • there are a lot of source-based questions on this exam! 

    Friday, September 07, 2018

    September 7


    You handed in your friendly letters at the beginning of class today. I gave you a handout that you had to categorize the advantages and disadvantages of various types of sources. You worked on this individually, and then as a class we discussed what some advantages and disadvantages of private letters, diaries, novels, films, and art, among others. I also gave you a booklet on the OPCVL guide. Over the weekend you should go the values and limitations exercise. We will discuss the values and limitations exercise on Monday. Please read over the Academic Integrity Policy, sign it, have your parent sign it, and return it on Monday. We will start talking about the Enlightenment on Monday as well.


    You handed in your friendly letters at the beginning of class. I went through a lecture on "Identity and Ideology". I taught you the principles of individualism (PRICES) and the principles of collectivism (PRINCE), and the 19th century political spectrum. I'll continue with this lecture on Monday. Your Chapter 1 Key Terms and Questions are due on Monday, September 10th.


    You handed in your friendly letters today. We played "Global Bingo" today, where you got to meet 16 other students in the class. You're going to need that information for an upcoming assignment. You should work on your Chapter 1 Key Terms this weekend. I'll explain how to do the "skill path" question on Monday. This weekend you have a homework assignment: the 25 item chart. You need to find 25 different items from 25 different countries.

    25 Item Chart Instructions:

    • find 25 items from 25 different countries (you can't have 5 items from one country!)
    • find items from any of the following categories: food, clothing, electronics, household goods, entertainment, and miscellaneous (if it doesn't fit into any of the previous categories)
    • don't just find items from one category (for example, 25 food items)
    • try to find 4-6 items from each category
    • collect your information about your items in a 3-column chart (item, country, category)
    • don't assume that an item is from a particular country (for example, a Sony PS4 may be manufactured in Indonesia, Malaysia or South Korea, that is the information that we want
    • for entertainment, for example a CD (or MP3) we want to know where the recording artist is from, not where the CD was manufactured, this will better illustrate social globalization
      when you are collecting the information for your chart, number off the items (1-25) and have the categorized separate (in other words, the first 5 items on your chart should belong to the same category, etc.)
    • the more organized your chart is, the easier it will be to put that information on to a map!

    Wednesday, September 27, 2017

    September 27


    Both classes were in a computer lab working on difference Google Doc groups to practice writing sample WRA I assignments. Please be ready to hand in your Chapter 4 and Chapter 5 Key Terms and Questions tomorrow. Your Chapter 3-4 Test is on Tuesday, October 3rd, please see the study guide below.

    This test will be written on Tuesday, October 3rd. It is a matching test with a long answer section. 
    • Know the key terms from Chapter 3-4
    • Be able to answer the Questions for Inquiry in Chapters 3-4 (they appear on p.49, p.53, p.58, p.73, p.80)
    • Know relevant case studies from Chapters 3-4: the Francophones, the Aborigines and the Lubicon, as well as other relevant examples related to assimilation, marginalization, accommodation and integration



    I did a homework check on your IB 20th Century History companion textbook. I covered a lot of Social 30-1 basic economic principles. I taught you about scarcity, basic economic values, basic economic questions, basic economic systems and how they would answer the basic economic questions. I also did a review of the principles of collectivism (PRINCE) and the principles of individualism (PRICES). I also reviewed the economic spectrum and the economic-political grid. Your 1920s Study Guide is due tomorrow.



    Thursday, November 10, 2016

    November 10


    You would have watched a documentary on the Nuremberg Trials today in class. This wraps up our investigation of the Holocaust. We'll be doing the draw for the Unit 2 research project topics in Monday's class. There's no school tomorrow because of Remembrance Day.


    You watched a BBC documentary today called "10 Questions About Democracy". As you watched this film you should have completed the answers to the questions in the booklet provided. You also have a homework assignment this long weekend: you must go to http://www.politicalcompass.org, and click on "take the test". I want you to print off your results and bring it to class on Monday, your result sheet will look like an economic-political grid. You also have to complete the individualism-collectivism booklet for homework due Monday. There's no school tomorrow because of Remembrance Day. 

    Wednesday, November 09, 2016

    November 9


    You finished watching "Schindler's List" today, and had a discussion after the conclusion of the film.


    You reviewed the political spectrums that you were taught yesterday, and then built upon those concepts by learning the economic-political grid. You also learned the principles of individualism and the principles of collectivism. You were given a booklet today that you have to complete for homework, due Monday, November 14th.

    Monday, February 08, 2016

    February 8


    You had most of today's class to work in your debate groups, to prepare for tomorrow's debate. You'll have a little bit of time tomorrow to do some last second preparation. You are strongly encouraged to work on your group's Google Doc to keep yourselves organized. Make sure that you read, highlight, and annotate the historiography of the atomic bomb article that I gave to you.


    I did a homework check on your Global Connections Map Assignment today. On Tuesday, February 16th you'll be writing a World Geography Test, please see the study guide below. We also did an activity where you listed off your favorite TV shows, movies, and musicians. The point of that exercise was to introduce the concepts of CAVCO, CRTC, CanCon, and cultural protectionism to you. I also talked a little bit about media consolidation. No one met the percentages that the CRTC imposes on TV and radio.



    This test will take place on Tuesday, February 16th. It is simply a country and capital cities identification test. You will be given a world map with certain countries, capital cities, and places identified and you need to be able to write out what country it is. Here are the countries that may appear on the test:
    • any of the EU countries (there are 27 countries in the EU)
    • any of the NATO countries (there's some overlap here with the EU, but not all EU countries are members of NATO)
    • any of the G8 countries: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United States, and the United Kingdom
    • full members of MERCOSUR: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and other associate members or countries that are achieving membership in MERCOSUR, such as: Venezuela, Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador
    • to ask you to know ALL of the countries in the African Union would be cruel, so we'll focus on countries that came up last year or will likely be in the news this year: Democratic Republic of the Congo, Egypt, Nigeria, South Africa, Sudan
    • other very important countries that will be in the news this year, or that we'll be talking about, or get mentioned in your textbook: Cuba, Mexico, China, India, Myanmar (Burma), Australia, New Zealand, Indonesia, Pakistan, Philippines, Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Israel
    • **BIG HINT: if a country is a member of a few of these international organizations then there's a STRONG possibility that they will be on the test!!**

    Please use the following links for studying for this test:
    World Geography Games
    Test Your Geography Knowledge
    Maps.com Online Games (the "Find It" games are excellent!)





    I went through a lot of material today: I covered the 19th century political spectrum, the 20th century political spectrum, the economic spectrum, the basic economic values (GESSEF), the techniques of dictatorship, and the economic-political spectrum. Along the way, we reviewed the principles of collectivism (PRINCE) and the principles of individualism (PRICES). If you didn't read it over the weekend, please make sure that you read the Ideology Notes (pages 12-17 in your workbook). Also, please complete all of the individualism and collectivism charts in your workbook as well, this is due tomorrow. I did a homework check on your Chapter 1 Questions today, and I handed back your Chapter 1 Key Terms and Questions. If you have your Chapter 1 Key Terms and Questions in a notebook, please hand those in at the beginning of the class tomorrow.

    Friday, February 05, 2016

    February 5


    We finished watching "White Light/Black Rain" today, and you should have also finished the film study sheet that went along with the documentary. I gave you a reading on the decision to use the atomic bomb, which you need to read over the weekend. The reading is connected to a debate that we will be doing on Tuesday. You have been split into three different option groups for the debate, and each group has its own Google Doc to organize arguments, evidence, and counter-arguments. You will have some class time on Monday to organize with your group members face-to-face.

    Your Global Connections Map is due on Monday, February 8th. Your Chapter 1 Key Terms and Questions are due on Tuesday, February 9th. Please check out the instructions for your Global Connections Map below.

    Here are the instructions for the map (which is due on Monday):
    • your map must have a title ("Global Connections Map")
    • you do not need compass directions on your map
    • you do not need a border for your map
    • you must have a simple key on the front of the map and a detailed key on the back on the map
    • your simple key will consist of the following: 5-6 colored boxes (depending on how many categories you had for your 25 item chart) which will be labeled-food, clothing, electronics, entertainment, household goods, miscellaneous AND you must also draw a colored dot and label it "people" (for the information from the Global Bingo game that we played)
    • you will only color countries and label ones that you have a connection to through the 25 item chart (for example, you own a sombrero that is from Mexico, you would color Mexico and label it "Mexico")
    • there will only be 5-6 colors on the map, you don't need to have 25 different colors for each of your 25 items
    • you also have to label the 16 people that you talked to during our Global Bingo game, they will be represented by colored circles (pick a common color for all people) and numbers (1-16, if you didn't talk to 16 people, you label as many as you talked to)--you do not color the countries that are represented on your Global Bingo card, you simply draw a circle on the country, color it, put a number beside it, and label the country (for example, if the only connection you have to Australia is that one of your classmates went on a vacation there, you draw the circle, write the number beside the circle, and label the country "Australia"-- you don't color the country)
    • on the detailed key on the back of your map, you will be recreating your 25 item chart (make sure that you have the categories clearly colored and matching the simple key on the front of the map) and the information from the Global Bingo card (clearly identify people by number) Your Global Connections Map is due on Monday, February 8th.

    Your Chapter 1 Key Terms and Questions are due on Tuesday, February 9th. I gave you some class time to work on your Chapter 1 work, and you could have started on your Chapter 2 work as well. 

    I did a homework check on your Chapter 1 Key Terms. Please complete your Chapter 1 Questions for Monday. Please read the Ideology Notes (pages 12-17 in your workbooks), you should highlight the reading, and make annotations in it. I started the PowerPoint presentation "Identity and Ideology" (which I probably won't finish), because I like to draw out the political and economic spectrums (which I'll do on Monday). I taught you the principles of individualism and the principles of collectivism. I also got you to sign up for the Social 30-1 wiki (check you e-mail inboxes for the invitation, it may have gone into a spam or junk folder), please let me know if there are any issues with this.

    Wednesday, November 25, 2015

    November 25


    We covered a lot of territory today with the Canadian political system. If you missed today's class, please get the notes from a classmate. Tomorrow, you will be writing your Unit 2 WRA II Essay in Room 118. Please go directly there tomorrow.


    We did some review of economic concepts that I taught to you last year, including: scarcity, basic economic questions, economic values, economic systems and how those systems answer the economic questions. I also covered the 19th century political spectrum, the 20th century spectrum, and the economic-political grid, as well as the techniques of dictatorship. I also did a quick review of the principles of collectivism (PRINCE) and the principles of individualism (PRICES). We'll talk about more economics tomorrow when we look at the boom and bust cycle and Keynesian economics.


    You wrote your Chapter 10-11 Test today in class. Hopefully you will get the results back next week.

    Monday, December 01, 2014

    December 1


    I went through the non-democratic systems section of the "Political Challenges to Liberalism" PowerPoint presentation. I also assigned some homework that is due on Wednesday: you must complete questions 1-14, and long answer question 2 on the Civil Rights Movement assignment that is in your 30-1 study booklets. You must also do the essay outline that is part of this assignment for Tuesday, December 9th. Please remember that your Comparative Government Assignment is due next Monday.


    You wrote your Paper 3 essay today. I also talked a little bit about our next unit called Authoritarian and Single Party States. I will have to teach you a lot of background information on the 19th century political spectrum and the 20th century political spectrum and the economic political grid, as well as principles of individualism and collectivism.

    Friday, July 04, 2014

    July 4


    We finished watching the last bit of "Sicko" at the beginning of class today. You also wrote your Chapter 1-2 Test today. You'll get the results of this test back on Monday. The rest of the class, before and after the break was spent dealing with argumentation and evidence in position papers. In your blue study booklets, make sure that you read through the "recipe for success" for essays starting on page 324. I have shared a page on the wiki with you called Diploma Exam Review. On this page there are sample Unit 1 WRA II Essays, and the essay outline that I was showing you in class is also on this page. I do recommend that you check out the PBS Frontline website for "Sick Around the World" because it will provide you with evidence on health care systems around the world, especially if you are going to agree with the ideological perspective in the source (in other words, you are writing a pro-collectivism essay, and using an argument such as collective responsibility and need evidence). Here's a link to the "Sick Around the World" website, which contains a lot of information and statistics about different health care systems. I really recommend that you take the time to watch this video this weekend, click here to watch. Please prepare for your essay this weekend, and contact me by e-mail if you need any advice. You will be writing this essay on Tuesday, July 8th. Remember, use the principles of individualism or principles of collectivism as a starting point for your arguments. You will be writing your Unit 1 Final Exam on Monday, July 7th, please see the study guide below. If you need extra practice discerning between individualism and collectivism, there is the activity in the blue study booklet with all of the charts that you could complete. You may even get some ideas of issues raised by these competing values.


    The Unit 1 Final is a 55 question multiple choice test. It will be written on Monday, July 7th. Make sure that you study the following:
    • Chapter 1 and 2 Key Terms (please see the Chapter 1-2 Test Study Guide for a list of terms,  click here and scroll down to find them)
    • Study the Ideology Notes (Black Gold School District PDF file, on the IB 30 wiki, and in your blue study booklets)
    • Study the 19th Century Political Spectrum
    • Study the 20th Century Political spectrum
    • Study the political-economic grid
    • Know the values and ideas associated with the various ideologies (on the 19th century and 20th century spectrums)
    • Study the Individualism and Collectivism booklet (in the Social 30-1 blue booklet)
    • you need to be able to apply your knowledge and understanding of these concepts/ideas
    • there are a lot of source-based questions on this exam! (there are references to Nazi Germany, the USSR)

    Thursday, July 03, 2014

    July 3


    I went through a lot of content today. I went through the 19th century political spectrum, the 20th century political spectrum, the economic-political grid, the principles of collectivism, and the principles of individualism (principles of classical liberalism). We started watching "Sicko" today, and we'll finish it off tomorrow. You should also look into the PBS documentary called "Sick Around the World". Here's a link to the "Sick Around the World" website, which contains a lot of information and statistics about different health care systems. I really recommend that you take the time to watch this video this weekend, click here to watch. Please remember that you have your Chapter 1-2 Test tomorrow, please see the study guide below. You'll be writing your Unit 1 Final Exam on Monday, and I'm posting the study guide again below.


    The Chapter 1-2 Test is on Friday, July 4th. It is a mixed format test, it will have a matching section and a short/long answer section. Here is what you should review/study for this test:

    Chapter 1 and 2 Key Terms/Concepts:

    • ideology
    • Thomas Hobbes
    • John Locke
    • Jean-Jacques Rousseau
    • representative democracy
    • individualism
    • collectivism
    • private property
    • public property
    • ideology
    • radical
    • liberal
    • moderate
    • conservative
    • reactionary
    • communism
    • socialism
    • liberalism
    • conservatism
    • fascism
    • adherence to collective norms
    • economic freedom
    • economic equality
    • rule of law
    • competition
    • individual rights and freedoms
    • cooperation
    • self-interest
    • Adam Smith
    Other Study Tips:
    • you must know the 19th century political spectrum and the 20th century political spectrum
    • know similarities and differences between communism and fascism
    • what are the differences between communism and socialism
    • be able to label political and economic spectrums and the values associated with these ideologies
    • be able to label the political-economic grid and know examples of the ideologies in the quadrants (study the Ideology Notes and the notes I gave you in class)
    • know the differences between individualism and collectivism, be able to apply your understanding of these concepts
    • know the key ideas associated with Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau (for example, view of the nature of human beings, etc.)



    The Unit 1 Final is a 55 question multiple choice test. It will be written on Monday, July 7th. Make sure that you study the following:
    • Chapter 1 and 2 Key Terms (please see the Chapter 1-2 Test Study Guide for a list of terms)
    • Study the Ideology Notes (Black Gold School District PDF file, on the IB 30 wiki, and in your study booklets)
    • Study the 19th Century Political Spectrum
    • Study the 20th Century Political spectrum
    • Study the political-economic grid
    • Know the values and ideas associated with the various ideologies (on the 19th century and 20th century spectrums)
    • Study the Individualism and Collectivism booklet
    • you need to be able to apply your knowledge and understanding of these concepts/ideas
    • there are a lot of source-based questions on this exam! (there are references to Nazi Germany, the USSR)